Cell-mediated immunity primarily targets what type of cells?

Cell-mediated immunity is a crucial component of the adaptive immune system, primarily involving T cells, especially cytotoxic T cells. This type of immunity specifically targets intracellular pathogens, such as viruses that replicate inside host cells, and cancer cells, which may arise from the body's own cells that have undergone mutations.

When an infected or cancerous cell expresses abnormal proteins or antigens on its surface, T cells can recognize these abnormal signals. Upon recognition, cytotoxic T cells can directly kill these aberrant cells or help other immune cells to do so. This targeted approach is fundamental for eliminating infections that other immune mechanisms, such as humoral immunity, may not efficiently address.

Understanding the focus of cell-mediated immunity on these specific targets—intracellular pathogens and cancer cells—highlights its critical role in defending the body against infections and cancer proliferation.