During which phase does RNA polymerase read the DNA template?

Prepare for the VCE Biology Test. Study with flashcards and multiple choice questions, each question has hints and explanations. Get ready for your exam!

During the elongation phase, RNA polymerase reads the DNA template to synthesize RNA. This process begins after the initiation phase, where the enzyme binds to the promoter region of the gene and unwinds the DNA strands.

As elongation proceeds, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand, catalyzing the formation of RNA by adding complementary ribonucleotides that match the DNA sequence. This synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction, effectively creating an RNA transcript that is complementary to the DNA template.

The other phases focus on different aspects of transcription: initiation involves the assembly of the transcription machinery and starting RNA synthesis, termination indicates the point where RNA synthesis stops and the RNA transcript is released, and processing includes modifications to the RNA transcript such as capping, polyadenylation, and splicing. These activities do not involve the direct reading of the DNA template, which is specifically a part of the elongation phase.

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