How do interferons help neighboring cells during a viral infection?

Interferons play a crucial role in the immune response to viral infections by making neighboring cells more resistant to further invasion by viruses. When a cell is infected with a virus, it produces and secretes interferons as a signaling protein. This action helps to alert nearby uninfected cells to the presence of the virus.

The interferons bind to receptors on these neighboring cells, triggering a series of protective responses that enhance their defenses against viral replication. This can include the activation of genes that inhibit viral replication and the enhancement of the immune response, making the uninfected cells more prepared to fend off an incoming viral attack.

The ability of interferons to establish a protective environment in nearby cells is a fundamental aspect of the innate immune response to viral infections, highlighting their importance in the body's defense system.