How does sympatric speciation typically occur?

Sympatric speciation occurs primarily through different selection pressures acting on phenotypes within the same geographic area. This process happens when a single population diverges into two or more species while inhabiting the same environment. Different environmental factors, such as changes in resource availability or varying ecological niches, can lead to the development of distinct characteristics and adaptations among individuals.

As different groups within the population adapt to various selective pressures, they can become reproductively isolated, even without physical barriers. This reproductive isolation may arise due to differences in mating preferences, timing, or the use of different resources, ultimately leading to the emergence of new species. In contrast, geographic isolation, the introduction of new species, and random mating contribute differently to population changes and do not directly describe the mechanisms behind sympatric speciation.