What are mutations?

Mutations are defined as permanent changes to the DNA sequence of an individual. They can occur in various forms, such as substitutions, deletions, or insertions of nucleotides. These alterations in the DNA can lead to changes in the genetic information carried by an organism, affecting how genes are expressed and potentially influencing traits passed from one generation to the next.

Some mutations can have no effect, some can be beneficial, and others can be detrimental, but the key characteristic that distinguishes mutations from other genetic changes is their permanence. Temporary changes or adjustments made in the genetic sequence do not classify as mutations because they do not result in lasting alterations to the DNA. Furthermore, while some mutations may indeed be harmful, it is inaccurate to state that all mutations are detrimental, as they can also contribute to evolution and adaptability in species. Additionally, mutations are not limited to protein-coding sequences; they can also occur in regulatory regions and non-coding areas, impacting gene expression and function in various ways.