What does the genetic code consist of?

The genetic code is composed of sequences of nucleotides grouped into sets of three, known as codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during the process of protein synthesis. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. When these nucleotides are arranged in triplets, they create the codons that dictate the sequence of amino acids in a protein, thus determining the traits and characteristics of an organism. This triplet arrangement is fundamental for accurately translating genetic information into functional proteins, making it essential for cellular function and development.