What happens during a translocation mutation?

During a translocation mutation, segments of DNA are exchanged between non-homologous chromosomes. This means that sections of DNA from one chromosome are transferred and integrated into another, often leading to changes in gene expression and function. This type of mutation can significantly impact the genetic makeup of an organism and is commonly associated with various diseases, including certain types of cancer, where the normal regulation of genes can be disrupted due to this rearrangement.

The process affects the arrangement of genetic material and can lead to novel gene combinations or altered gene functions, which is why translocations are particularly studied in genetics and molecular biology. Understanding this mechanism is pivotal in fields such as cancer research and genetic counseling.