What happens during the elongation phase of translation?

During the elongation phase of translation, the ribosome works to extend the growing polypeptide chain by adding more amino acids in a sequential manner. This process occurs after the initiation phase, where the ribosome assembles and the first amino acid is brought to the start codon. During elongation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules continue to bring additional amino acids to the ribosome, matching their anticodons with the appropriate codons on the mRNA strand. Each new amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain, facilitated by peptide bonds formed as the ribosome moves along the mRNA. This phase continues until the ribosome encounters a stop codon, which signals the termination of translation.