What is a challenge associated with using CRISPR-Cas9 for genetic modifications?

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Using CRISPR-Cas9 for genetic modifications presents the challenge of potentially cutting healthy, functioning genes, which can lead to unintended consequences. This risk arises because CRISPR technology is designed to create double-strand breaks at specific locations in the genome. However, if the guide RNA that directs the Cas9 enzyme to a target gene has even a slight mismatch or resembles sequences in other parts of the genome, the system might inadvertently modify or disrupt essential genes rather than the intended target. This off-target effect can result in genetic changes that may negatively impact the organism's health or development, complicating the potential applications of CRISPR in therapeutic contexts. Thus, the precision and specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 are critical factors that need careful attention to mitigate these risks.

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