What is a point mutation?

A point mutation refers specifically to a change in a single nucleotide within the DNA sequence. This alteration can occur through various mechanisms such as substitution, where one nucleotide is replaced by another, or through more complex changes like insertions or deletions that affect only one nucleotide.

Point mutations are significant because they can lead to alterations in the amino acids that are encoded by genes, potentially impacting the structure and function of proteins. This contrasts with changes involving multiple nucleotides or sections of DNA, which would not be classified as point mutations. Understanding point mutations is crucial in genetics and molecular biology, as they are fundamental to processes such as evolution and the development of certain diseases.