What is the effect of low genetic diversity on a population?

Low genetic diversity in a population typically results in lower survivability and a higher risk of extinction. When genetic diversity is reduced, the population has fewer variations in alleles, which limits its ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, such as new diseases, climate changes, or habitat alterations. Without a wide range of genetic traits, the population may not have individuals with the necessary adaptations to survive under stress. This limitation can lead to increased vulnerability, as the entire population may respond similarly to environmental challenges. As a result, if a disease or adverse condition affects one individual, it is more likely to impact others, ultimately increasing the likelihood of the entire population facing a higher risk of decline or extinction.

Higher adaptability is associated with increased genetic diversity, as a genetically varied population can draw upon a broader set of traits and capitalize on advantageous adaptations. Increased chances of polyploidy are typically not directly linked to genetic diversity in the context of natural selection but rather to specific reproductive mechanisms in certain organisms. Lastly, while advantageous alleles can enhance survival, this process often relies on a diverse gene pool; without sufficient diversity, the potential for these advantageous traits becomes limited. Thus, low genetic diversity ultimately compromises the health and stability of populations.