What is the outcome when a substrate binds to an enzyme's active site?

When a substrate binds to an enzyme's active site, the primary outcome is that a chemical reaction occurs, leading to the formation of products. The active site of the enzyme has a specific shape that complements the shape of the substrate, allowing for a precise interaction. This binding induces a change in the enzyme's shape, facilitating the conversion of the substrate into products through various mechanisms, including strain on chemical bonds or providing an optimal environment for the reaction.

After the reaction takes place, the products are generally released from the enzyme, which can then bind to additional substrate molecules. Thus, the enzyme remains unchanged and can participate in subsequent reactions, making it a catalyst. This catalytic ability is fundamental to biological processes, as it allows enzymes to lower the activation energy required for reactions, promoting metabolic pathways efficiently without being consumed.