What role do coenzymes play in enzymatic reactions?

Coenzymes play a crucial role in enzymatic reactions by binding to the active site of enzymes, where they assist in the catalytic process. They often provide essential molecules or energy that facilitate the conversion of substrates into products. This means that coenzymes are vital for enabling enzymes to perform their functions effectively, often by altering the shape of the substrate or stabilizing negative charges during the reaction.

In many cases, these organic molecules, which can be derived from vitamins, help in the transfer of specific functional groups between substrates, thereby allowing the reaction to proceed. Through this action, coenzymes contribute to a variety of metabolic pathways, enhancing the efficiency and specificity of enzymes in biological systems. Their involvement is crucial for many biochemical processes, including metabolism, DNA repair, and energy production.