What role do low oxygen levels play in fossilization?

Low oxygen levels play a crucial role in fossilization by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that are responsible for decomposing organic material. In oxygen-poor environments, the activity of decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, is significantly reduced. This limitation on microbial activity allows for the preservation of organic material, increasing the likelihood that an organism's remains will undergo fossilization rather than complete decomposition.

In contrast, in oxygen-rich environments, the presence of decomposers accelerates the breakdown of organic tissues, thus making it less likely for fossils to form. Fossilization is more likely to occur in settings such as sediments in deep water, swamps, or other low-oxygen conditions, where the remains can be buried quickly and preserved over time.