Which method involves the use of genetic material to identify pathogens?

Molecular diagnostics is the method that involves the use of genetic material to identify pathogens. This technique utilizes various molecular biology techniques to detect and quantify specific DNA or RNA sequences associated with pathogens. By targeting unique genetic markers, molecular diagnostics can accurately pinpoint the presence of particular organisms, including bacteria and viruses, in a sample. This specificity allows for rapid and precise identification, making it especially valuable in clinical diagnostics and infectious disease management.

In contrast, visual observation relies on physical examination and cannot identify pathogens at a genetic level. Immunological testing involves the detection of antibodies or antigens, which is based on the immune response rather than the genetic material of the pathogens. Phenotypic analysis assesses observable characteristics or traits of organisms, which, while useful, does not delve into the genetic composition of pathogens. Each of these methods has its advantages, but molecular diagnostics stands out for its direct focus on genetic material.